Effiziente numerische Methoden zur Lösung von reaktiven Euler-Gleichungen für mehrere Spezies

This cumulative thesis is devoted to the efficient simulation of compressible chemically reactive flows with multiple species and reactions being involved. In addition, the mass-fraction based reactive Euler equations with multiple species can be used to describe two-phase flows with multiple 'components' (corresponding to 'species') in a diffuse-interface manner, with suitable equations of state or thermodynamical models being employed. Three numerical methods towards computational high-efficiency solution of the above equation system are proposed.Diese kumulative Doktorarbeit widmet sich der effizienten Simulation kompressibler chemisch reaktiver Strömungen, wo mehrere Arten und Reaktionen beteiligt sind. Darüber hinaus können die auf Massenfraktionen basierenden reaktiven Euler-Gleichungen für mehrere Spezies mit geeigneten Zustandsgleichungen oder thermodynamischen Modellen verwendet werden, um zweiphasige Strömungen mit mehreren "Komponenten" (entsprechend "Spezies") auf diffuse Weise zu beschreiben. Drei numerische Methoden zur numerischen hocheffizienten Lösung des obigen Gleichungssystems warden vorgeschlagen

Knowledge Enhanced Semantic Communication Receiver

In recent years, with the rapid development of deep learning and natural language processing technologies, semantic communication has become a topic of great interest in the field of communication. Although existing deep learning based semantic communication approaches have shown many advantages, they still do not make sufficient use of prior knowledge. Moreover, most existing semantic communication methods focus on the semantic encoding at the transmitter side, while we believe that the semantic decoding capability of the receiver side should also be concerned. In this paper, we propose a knowledge enhanced semantic communication framework in which the receiver can more actively utilize the prior knowledge in the knowledge base for semantic reasoning and decoding, without extra modifications to the neural network structure of the transmitter. Specifically, we design a transformer-based knowledge extractor to find relevant factual triples for the received noisy signal. Extensive simulation results on the WebNLG dataset demonstrate that the proposed receiver yields superior performance on top of the knowledge graph enhanced decoding

An Escaping Outflow in a Galaxy with an Intermediate-mass Black Hole

While in massive galaxies active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback plays an important role, the role of AGN feedback is still under debate in dwarf galaxies. With well spatially resolved data obtained from the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE), we identify a spatially extended ($\rm \sim 3\; kpc$) and fast ($V_{80} \sim 471\; \rm km\;s^{-1}$) AGN-driven outflow in a dwarf galaxy: SDSS J022849.51-090153.8 with $M_{*} \sim 10^{9.6}\;{\rm M_{\odot}}$ that host an intermediate-mass black hole of $M_{\rm BH} \sim 10^5\;{\rm M_{\odot}}$ and $L_{\rm AGN}/L_{\rm Edd} \sim 0.15$. Through the measurement of the rotation curve, we estimate the escape velocity of the halo and the ratio of the outflow velocity to the halo escape velocity to be $1.09\pm0.04$, indicating that the outflow is capable of escaping not only the galaxy disk but the halo. The outflow size of our AGN is found to be larger than AGN in massive galaxies at the given AGN [O III] luminosity, while the size of the photo-ionized narrow-line region is comparable. These results suggest the important role of AGN feedback through outflows in dwarf galaxies when their central intermediate-mass black holes accrete at high-Eddington ratios.Comment: 12 pages, 2 tables, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Neurotensin Regulates Proliferation and Stem Cell Function in the Small Intestine in a Nutrient-Dependent Manner

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are sensitive to dietary alterations and nutrient availability. Neurotensin (NT), a gut peptide localized predominantly to the small bowel and released by fat ingestion, stimulates the growth of intestinal mucosa under basal conditions and during periods of nutrient deprivation, suggesting a possible role for NT on ISC function. METHODS: Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5-Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (Lgr5-EGFP) NT wild type (Nt+/+) and Lgr5-EGFP NT knockout (Nt-/-) mice were fed ad libitum or fasted for 48 hours. Small intestine tissue and crypts were examined by gene expression analyses, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and crypt-derived organoid culture. Drosophila expressing NT in midgut enteroendocrine cells were fed a standard diet or low-energy diet and esg-green fluorescent protein+ ISCs were quantified via immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Loss of NT impaired crypt cell proliferation and ISC function in a manner dependent on nutrient status. Under nutrient-rich conditions, NT stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 signaling and the expression of genes that promote cell-cycle progression, leading to crypt cell proliferation. Under conditions of nutrient depletion, NT stimulated WNT/β-catenin signaling and promoted an ISC gene signature, leading to enhanced ISC function. NT was required for the induction of WNT/β-catenin signaling and ISC-specific gene expression during nutrient depletion, and loss of NT reduced crypt cell proliferation and impaired ISC function and Lgr5 expression in the intestine during fasting. Conversely, the expression of NT in midgut enteroendocrine cells of Drosophila prevented loss of ISCs during nutrient depletion. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our findings establish an evolutionarily conserved role for NT in ISC maintenance during nutritional stress. GSE182828

Fermentation properties and functional stability of dough starter Jiaozi and Laomian after frozen storage

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effects of frozen storage on the stability of traditional dough starters in China.MethodsThe microbial community structure and abundance of related metabolic genes in different fermented sourdough prepared by Jiaozi (JZ) and Laomian (LM) starters before and after frozen storage at −20°C for half a year were analyzed using the shotgun metagenomic sequencing method, and differences in characteristics of texture in steamed bread were also compared by formal methods.ResultsThe fermentation ability (FA) and metabolic activities of yeast in the JZH sourdough (started by JZ which was stored at −20°C for half a year) were better than those of LMH sourdough (started by LM which was stored at −20°C for half a year). The dominant genera of Acetobacter were found to be increased in the JZH0 sourdough (started by JZH and fermented for 0 h) and those of Lactobacillus were found to be decreased. Lactobacillus (98.72%), Pediococcus (0.37%), Saccharomyces (0.27%), and Acetobacter (0.01%), were dominant in sourdough LMH0 (started by LMH and fermented for 0 h). The abundances of “oxidative phosphorylation-related enzymes” and the “biosynthesis of glutamate”-related enzymes and genes related to “biosynthesis of glutamate” and “unsaturated fatty acid” were higher in JZH0 than in the JZ0 sourdough (started by JZ without being frozen and fermented for 0 h). The good FA of yeast, the acid production capacity of bacteria in the sourdough, and the quality of the JZH steamed bread (made by the JZH starter) indicated the better freezing tolerance of the microorganisms in JZ than in LM.ConclusionThe conclusion of this study suggests the better application potential of the JZ as the fermentation starter in actual production

Supramolecular self-assembly of polyoxometalates and cyclodextrin: Progress and perspectives

In this study, we present a comprehensive overview of supramolecular self-assemblies comprising cyclodextrins (CDs) and polyoxometalates (POMs). We summarize the recent advancements in supramolecular POM–CD systems, including their structures, functions, and applications. Subsequently, we focus on the self-assembly behavior of CDs and POMs, encompassing the formation of inclusion complexes, host–guest interactions, and the development of hybrid materials. In addition, we discuss the remarks on future outlooks and hope that this review will serve as a valuable reference for researchers engaged in the fields of supramolecular/POM chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology

Dub3 Inhibition Suppresses Breast Cancer Invasion and Metastasis by Promoting Snail1 Degradation

Snail1, a key transcription factor of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), is subjected to ubiquitination and degradation, but the mechanism by which Snail1 is stabilized in tumours remains unclear. We identify Dub3 as a bona fide Snail1 deubiquitinase, which interacts with and stabilizes Snail1. Dub3 is overexpressed in breast cancer; knockdown of Dub3 resulted in Snail1 destabilization, suppressed EMT and decreased tumour cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. These effects are rescued by ectopic Snail1 expression. IL-6 also stabilizes Snail1 by inducing Dub3 expression, the specific inhibitor WP1130 binds to Dub3 and inhibits the Dub3-mediating Snail1 stabilization in vitroand in vivo. Our study reveals a critical Dub3–Snail1 signalling axis in EMT and metastasis, and provides an effective therapeutic approach against breast cancer